admin - 2009-3-23 13:29:00
葡萄球菌
乳房炎
Staphylococcus Mastitis
Prepared by: Dr. Terry Hunt
Translated by Dr. Ren Xiaoling病因/发病机理
Cause & Pathogenesis葡萄球菌属- Staphylococcus aureus
- 传染性——从一个感染牛经挤奶传播给其他牛
Contagious – spread from one infected cow to another at milking·
同时引起亚临床和临床性乳房炎Causes both sub-clinical and clinical mastitisResponse to treatment is poor危险因素
Risk Factors·
带菌牛只
Carrier cows·
不正确的挤奶程序
Improper milking procedure临床症状
Clinical Findings临床性乳房炎
Clinical Mastitis 急性乳房炎
Acute Mastitis - 严重的全身症状
Severe systemic signs - 体温升高
Elevated temperature - 厌食，精神萎靡，产奶量严重下降
Anorexia, depressed and severe drop in milk production·
感染乳区热、肿、痛Hot swollen painful infected quarter
·
乳有显著变化—絮片，凝块，化脓或水样Gross changes in the milk – flakes, clots, purulent or watery坏疽性乳房炎（蓝袋）Gangrenous Mastitis (Bluebag)- 非常严重的全身症状Very severe systemic signs
- 从热乳区到冷乳区发展，变成蓝色
Progresses from hot quarter to cold and blue discoloration·
如果奶牛幸存，在14天内形成区域性腐肉Area sloughs in ~ 14 days if cow survives慢性乳房炎
Chronic Mastitis·
细菌形成遍及感染乳腺的微脓肿，间歇性排出细菌Bacteria forms micro-abscesses throughout the infected gland and intermittently sheds bacteriaIntermittent flare-ups of clinical mastitis亚临床性乳房炎
Sub-Clinical Mastitis·
乳无可视变化
No visible changes in the milk·
所有乳房炎病例的90%是亚临床性乳房炎（70%的经济损失来自乳房炎）90% of all cases of mastitis are sub-clinical (70% of financial loss from mastitis)·
在所有的成年泌乳奶牛中，亚临床性乳房炎是最昂贵的疾病Sub-clinical mastitis is the most expensive disease of adult dairy cows- 体细胞计数高
High Somatic Cell Count (SCC) - 可偶尔发作成临床性乳房炎
May occasionally flare-up to clinical诊断
Diagnosis·
根据临床症状，SCC和临床病例的细菌培养Based on clinical signs, SCC and culture of clinical cases鉴别诊断
Differential Diagnosis- 无乳链球菌
Streptococcus agalactiae - 牛型支原体
Mycoplasma bovis - 引起环境性乳房炎的病因Causes of Environmental Mastitis
实验室和病理学诊断Laboratory and Pathology- 感染牛群中SCC高
High SCC in infected herd - 感染牛只SCC高
Infected cows have high SCC - 从临床感染牛做乳细菌培养Culture milk from clinically infected cows
- 必须区分其他原因引起的乳房炎
Must differentiate from other causes of mastitisBulk tank culture can be utilized as a screening test·
当细菌间歇性排出时，如果做一次培养可能发现不了细菌，May not be found if only cultured once as bacteria is intermittently shed·
连续三次培养结果阴性，要求排除葡萄球菌Three negative cultures on subsequent days required to rule out Staphylococcus治疗
Treatment - 临床病例用全身性抗生素和支持疗法治疗Treat clinical cases with systemic antibiotics and supportive treatment
·
因感染的乳腺中遍布微脓肿，所以治愈率低，Cure rate is low because of the formation of micro-abscesses throughout the infected gland- 预防是关键
Prevention is the key
预后情况
Prognosis 后遗症 Sequelae- 成为带菌牛
Carrier cows - 产奶量的损失
Loss of milk production
预防
Prevention & Control阻止传播是基本的预防措施Stopping transmission is the basis of control挤奶程序和卫生设备Milking Procedure and Sanitation Pre-dip2.
弃掉前几把奶，检查临床性乳房炎（器具表面黑色最好）Strip for clinical mastitis check (black surface best)Clean and stimulate milk letdown with individual paper towels 4.
如果清洗，在洗液中加消毒剂Disinfectant in wash solution if used5.
只洗脏的奶牛，洗后必须完全擦干Only wash dirty cows then must be thoroughly driedRubber gloves on milkerApply milking claw从程序2至7应有60—90秒Time from 2 to 7 should be 60 to 90 seconds - 避免过度挤奶
Avoid over-milking - 浸泡乳头可以传送排乳信号
Teat dip post milking·
检验并套上挤奶器Test and maintain milking machines·
在干乳期，每头奶牛的每个乳区都要干燥Dry cow treat every quarter of every cow at dry off·
淘汰慢性感染牛只Cull chronically infected cows·
治疗所有的临床性乳房炎病例Treat all cases of clinical mastitis·
隔离所有的感染牛只及其牛乳Isolate all infected cows and milk last ·
挤感染牛奶后，要消毒奶杯Sterilize clusters after milking infected cows·
保持一个封闭的牛群Maintain a closed herd