admin - 2009-3-23 13:30:00
无乳链球菌乳房炎
Streptococcus agalactiae Mastitis
Prepared by: Dr. Terry Hunt
Translated by Dr. Ren Xiaoling病因/发病机理
Cause & Pathogenesis无乳链球菌—革兰氏阳性球菌Streptococcus agalactiae – gram-positive cocci·
高度传染，专性奶牛乳腺寄生细菌Highly contagious obligate inhabitant of mammary gland of cow- 挤奶时牛—牛传播
Cow to cow transmission at milking - 不侵入乳房组织，但损害上皮
Does not invade mammary tissue but does damage epithelium危险因素
Risk Factors - 带菌牛只
Carrier cows - 不正确的挤奶程序
Improper milking procedure
临床症状
Clinical Findings- 主要引起亚临床性乳房炎Mainly causes sub-clinical mastitis
- 乳无可视变化
No visible changes in the milk - 所有乳房炎病例的90%是亚临床性乳房炎（70%的经济损失来自乳房炎）
- 90% of all cases of mastitis are sub-clinical (70% of financial loss from mastitis)
- 在所有的成年泌乳奶牛中，亚临床性乳房炎是最昂贵的疾病
- Sub-clinical mastitis is the most expensive disease of adult dairy cows
- 体细胞计数高
High Somatic Cell Count (SCC) - 可偶尔发作成临床性乳房炎May occasionally flare-up to clinical
- 体温升高，食欲下降，精神萎靡，奶有变化
Elevated temperature, decreased appetite, depression and changes in the milk诊断
Diagnosis·
根据SCC，临床症状和乳的细菌培养Based on SCC, clinical signs and milk culture鉴别诊断
Differential Diagnosis- 其他原因引起的乳房炎
Other causes of mastitis
实验室和病理学诊断Laboratory and Pathology·
如果牛群有问题，大批乳桶的SCC升高If herd problem, elevated bulk tank SCC·
引起单个感染牛只的SCC显著升高Causes marked increase of SCC in individually infected cows·
利用SCC鉴别感染牛，然后用CMT鉴别感染乳区Utilize SCC to identify infected cows then use CMT to identify infected quarterCulture infected quarter-must differentiate from other Streptococcus and Staphylococcus治疗
Treatment·
无乳链球菌对抗生素敏感，包括青霉素Streptococcus agalactiae is sensitive to antibiotics including Penicillin·
在泌乳期，用Blitz治疗所有感染牛Blitz treat all infected cows during lactation 预后情况
Prognosis·
治疗有效的，预后良好，可从牛群中消灭Good for response to treatment and elimination from the herd预防
Prevention & Control阻止传播是基本的预防措施Stopping transmission is the basis of control挤奶程序和卫生设备Milking Procedure and Sanitation Pre-dip2.
弃掉前几把奶，检查临床性乳房炎（器具表面黑色最好）Strip for clinical mastitis check (black surface best)Clean and stimulate milk letdown with individual paper towels 4.
如果清洗，在洗液中加消毒剂Disinfectant in wash solution if used5.
只洗脏的奶牛，洗后必须完全擦干Only wash dirty cows then must be thoroughly driedRubber gloves on milkerApply milking claw从程序2至7应有60—90秒Time from 2 to 7 should be 60 to 90 seconds - 避免过度挤奶
Avoid over-milking - 浸泡乳头可以传送排乳信号
Teat dip post milking·
检验并套上挤奶器Test and maintain milking machines·
在干乳期，每头奶牛的每个乳区都要干燥Dry cow treat every quarter of every cow at dry off·
淘汰慢性感染牛只Cull chronically infected cows·
治疗所有的临床性乳房炎病例Treat all cases of clinical mastitis·
隔离所有的感染牛只及其牛乳Isolate all infected cows and milk last ·
挤感染牛奶后，要消毒奶杯Sterilize clusters after milking infected cows·
保持一个封闭的牛群Maintain a closed herd